POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AS A KEY CHALLENGE TO THE MENTAL HEALTH OF UKRAINE’S POPULATION DURING THE FULL-SCALE WAR

Abstract

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most pressing mental health challenges in Ukraine amid the ongoing full-scale war. The significant increase in PTSD prevalence necessitates improvements in early diagnosis, treat- ment, and prevention, particularly at the level of primary health care. Family physicians play a key role in the time- ly identification of PTSD symptoms, screening, and coordination of interdisciplinary support. Non-pharmacological approaches–such as cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, and lifestyle modification–are essential compo- nents of effective PTSD treatment. Comprehensive management of patients with PTSD helps improve their psychologi- cal well-being, enhances quality of life, and reduces the risk of chronicity. Introduction. The Russo-Ukrainian war, which began in 2014 and escalated dramatically with the full-scale invasion in 2022, has led to a severe humanitarian and psychological crisis. Millions of Ukrainians have experienced traumatic events, including the loss of loved ones, combat exposure, and forced displacement. As a result, there has been a marked rise in cases of post-traumatic stress disorder.PTSD is a serious mental health condition that requires early identification and comprehensive treatment. In this context, the primary health care system–especially family physicians–plays a crucial role, as they are often the first point of con- tact for patients. Objective of the Study. To assess the role of primary health care in the early detection and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder during wartime in Ukraine, and to determine the effectiveness of non-pharmacological approaches to PTSD therapy. Materials and Methods. This study employed an analytical method based on the review and systematization of scientific publications, along with a practical analysis of clinical guidelines for PTSD treatment.It examined the implementation of screening tools in family medicine and the effectiveness of psychological interven- tions. Results. The findings indicate a rise in patient visits to family doctors due to psychoemotional complaints linked to traumatic experiences. Early diagnosis using validated screening tools (e.g., PCL-5) enables timely identification of PTSD.The most effective non-pharmacological interventions include cognitive behavioral therapy, patient psychoeducation, and social support. Preparing primary care physicians to work with such patients is of critical importance. Discussion.Primary health care plays a vital role in the provision of psychiatric assistance during wartime. Family physicians are well-positioned to conduct initial screenings, offer basic psychological support, and refer patients to specialists when needed. A comprehensive approach that includes psychotherapy, social reintegration, and, when necessary, phar- macological treatment has been shown to significantly improve quality of life in patients with PTSD. A provisional action algorithm for family doctors working with PTSD patients has been developed. This can serve as a foundation for creating a comprehensive and personalized care plan that includes both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treat- ments. Conclusions. Post-traumatic stress disorder remains a serious issue for Ukraine’s mental health care system. The role of primary health care is crucial for early detection and initial intervention. Expanding access to psychotherapeutic services and improving physicians’ awareness and training will enhance the system’s capacity to meet the population’s mental health needs during wartime.